Aminocaproic acid

Aminocaproic acid
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model of the zwitterionic form of the molecule found in the crystal structure[1][2]
Names
Trade namesAmicar
Other namesε-aminocaproic acid, ε-Ahx
IUPAC name
  • 6-aminohexanoic acid
Clinical data
Main usesCertain bleeding disorders[3]
Side effectsNausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, shortness of breath, headache, swelling, itchiness[4]
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)[5]
    Routes of
    use
    By mouth, intravenous
    External links
    AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
    US NLMAminocaproic acid
    MedlinePlusa608023
    Legal
    License data
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetics
    MetabolismKidney
    Elimination half-life2 hours
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC6H13NO2
    Molar mass131.175 g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
    Melting point205 °C (401 °F)
    SMILES
    • C(CCC(=O)O)CCN
    InChI
    • InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c7-5-3-1-2-4-6(8)9/h1-5,7H2,(H,8,9) checkY
    • Key:SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

    Aminocaproic acid, sold under the brand name Amicar among others, is a medication used to treat certain bleeding disorders.[3] This may include bleeding due to fibrinolysis such as may occur following heart surgery, abruptio placentae, liver cirrhosis, and in cancer; bleeding within the eye; and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.[3][4] It may be taken by mouth or injection into a vein.[4]

    Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, shortness of breath, headache, swelling, and itchiness.[4] Other side effects may include muscle breakdown.[4] It should generally not be used in people with bleeding from within the kidney.[4] Safety in pregnancy is unclear.[4] It is a form of carboxylic acid that decreases fibrinolysis.[4]

    Aminocaproic acid was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[4] It is available as a generic medication.[6] In the United States 15 pills of 500 mg costs about 44 USD as of 2022.[6]

    Medical use

    Aminocaproic acid is used to treat acute bleeding due to elevated fibrinolytic activity.[3] It also carries an orphan drug designation from the FDA for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage in patients with traumatic hyphema.[7] In clinical practice, aminocaproic acid is frequently used off-label for control of bleeding in patients with severe thrombocytopenia,[8] control of oral bleeding in patients with congenital and acquired coagulation disorders,[9] control of perioperative bleeding associated with cardiac surgery,[10][11] prevention of excessive bleeding in patients on anticoagulation therapy undergoing invasive dental procedures,[12] and reduction of the risk of catastrophic hemorrhage in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia.[13]

    Society and culture

    Aminocaproic acid is also an intermediate in the polymerization of Nylon-6, where it is formed by ring-opening hydrolysis of caprolactam. The crystal structure determination showed that the 6-aminohexanoic acid is present as a salt, at least in the solid state.[14]

    References

    1. G. J. Reiss (2010). "CSD Communication AMCAPR11: 6-Aminohexanoic acid". Cambridge Structural Database: Access Structures. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. doi:10.5517/ccv38nv. Archived from the original on 2021-11-04. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
    2. Bodor, Géza; Bednowitz, Allan L.; Post, Ben (1967). "The crystal structure of ε-aminocaproic acid". Acta Crystallographica. 23 (3): 482–490. doi:10.1107/S0365110X67003019.
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Amicar- aminocaproic acid solution Amicar- aminocaproic acid tablet". DailyMed. 9 October 2020. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Aminocaproic Acid Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
    5. "Aminocaproic acid (Amicar) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
    6. 1 2 "Aminocaproic Acid Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Archived from the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
    7. "Aminocaproic acid Orphan Drug Designations and Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 6 January 1995. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
    8. Bartholomew JR; Salgia R; Bell WR (1989-09-01). "Control of bleeding in patients with immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia with aminocaproic acid". Archives of Internal Medicine. 149 (9): 1959–1961. doi:10.1001/archinte.1989.00390090039008. ISSN 0003-9926. PMID 2774776.
    9. Lucas, O. N.; Albert, T. W. (1981-02-01). "Epsilon aminocaproic acid in hemophiliacs undergoing dental extractions: a concise review". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology. 51 (2): 115–120. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(81)90025-6. ISSN 0030-4220. PMID 6782532.
    10. Lu, Jun; Meng, Haoyu; Meng, Zhaoyi; Sun, Ying; Pribis, John P.; Zhu, Chunyan; Li, Quan (2015-01-01). "Epsilon aminocaproic acid reduces blood transfusion and improves the coagulation test after pediatric open-heart surgery: a meta-analysis of 5 clinical trials". International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology. 8 (7): 7978–7987. ISSN 1936-2625. PMC 4555692. PMID 26339364.
    11. Chen, R. H.; Frazier, O. H.; Cooley, D. A. (1995-01-01). "Antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery". Texas Heart Institute Journal. 22 (3): 211–215. ISSN 0730-2347. PMC 325256. PMID 7580358.
    12. Patatanian, Edna; Fugate, Susan E. (2006-12-01). "Hemostatic mouthwashes in anticoagulated patients undergoing dental extraction". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 40 (12): 2205–2210. doi:10.1345/aph.1H295. ISSN 1542-6270. PMID 17090725. S2CID 33961815.
    13. Wassenaar, T.; Black, J.; Kahl, B.; Schwartz, B.; Longo, W.; Mosher, D.; Williams, E. (2008-12-01). "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and acquired α-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency: a retrospective look at the use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (Amicar) in 30 patients". Hematological Oncology. 26 (4): 241–246. doi:10.1002/hon.867. ISSN 1099-1069. PMC 3496178. PMID 18613223.
    14. Reiss, G.J. (2011), "Crystal Structure", CCDC 777717: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination, Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, doi:10.5517/ccv38nv, archived from the original on 2021-11-04, retrieved 2019-10-24
    Identifiers:
    • "Aminocaproic acid". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2021-10-13. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
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