Projection
Raw OSM data (found in planet.osm and extracts) is in WGS-84.
Most slippy maps, including OSM's main slippy map layer, are projected in Web Mercator projection.
For clarification on projections, see:
<http://trac.osgeo.org/proj/wiki/FAQ>
<http://alastaira.wordpress.com/2011/01/23/the-google-maps-bing-maps-spherical-mercator-projection/>
For information on the projection and converting between lon/lat and tile formats, see Slippy map tilenames.
Software
- PROJ — command-line tools and library
See also
- Wikipedia:Map projection
- Mercator
- Converting to WGS84
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