< RU:Proposed features < Healthcare 2.0
RU:Proposed features/Healthcare 2.0/Specialties
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Примечание: В данной статье используется американская орфография со словом "specialty". Однако британское написание с "speciality" по умолчанию.
Медицинские специальности
В случае если вы не нашли основную страницу.
Значения для тега health_specialty:*=yes/main/additional/no/partial/trained:
- yes: Специальность практикуется человеком/учреждением.
- main: Тоже что и "yes", но специальность является основной для человека/учреждения.
- additional: Тоже что и "yes", но специальность является дополнительной для человека/учреждения.
- no: Специальность не практикуется человеком/учреждением.
- partial: Возможно оказание ограниченных услуг по данной специальности. Этот тег позволяет указать что предоставляемые услуги ниже стандартов данной страны или региона.
- trained: Работник обучен данной специальности, но не практикует её и не предоставляет услуг по ней.
Медицинские специальности
Основные специальности врачей, учреждений, медицинских лабораторий и т.д.
Основные специальности
| Key | Value | Description | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|
| health_specialty:anatomy | yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained | Anatomy. tries to understand the inner structure of living organisms | |
| health_specialty:anaesthesiology | Anaesthesiology. blocking pain on surgeries, also by making the patient temporarily unresponsive | ||
| health_specialty:biochemistry | Biochemistry. studies chemical processes in living organisms | ||
| health_specialty:public_health | Public health/Community medicine/Community health/Social medicine. preventing diseases and make informed choices affecting the overall health of a community, based on population health analysis | ||
| health_specialty:dentistry | Dentistry/stomatology. treatment disorders of the teeth and inside the mouth | ||
| health_specialty:dermatology | Dermatology. treatment of skin disorders | ||
| health_specialty:disaster_medicine | Disaster medicine. disaster response and recovery medicine | ||
| health_specialty:ear_nose_throat | Otolaryngology/Otorhinolaryngology/ENT. treatment of ear, nose and throat | ||
| health_specialty:emergency_medicine | Emergency medicine/Traumatology. treatment of acute illnesses or injuries, which require immediate medical attention | ||
| health_specialty:environmental_medicine | Environmental medicine. studying the interactions between environment and human health, and the role of the environment in causing or mediating disease | ||
| health_specialty:family_medicine | Family medicine/General medicine. primary health care providing continuing, comprehensive care to individuals across all ages, sexes, diseases, and parts of the body | ||
| health_specialty:intensive_care_medicine | Intensive-care medicine. life support of patients who are critically ill | ||
| health_specialty:internal_medicine | Internal medicine. laboratory supported diagnosis and treatment, especially of undifferentiated or multi-system inside body diseases | ||
| health_specialty:medical_genetics | Medical genetics. diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders | ||
| health_specialty:medical_microbiology | Medical microbiology. study of medical important micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites | ||
| health_specialty:neurology | Neurology. treatment of disorders of the nervous system | ||
| health_specialty:nuclear_medicine | Nuclear medicine. uses radionuclides for diagnosis and treatment of disease | ||
| health_specialty:occupational_medicine | Occupational medicine. health of people engaged in work or employment | ||
| health_specialty:ophthalmology | Ophthalmology. medicine and diseases of the eyes | ||
| health_specialty:optometry | Optometry. non-surgical treatment of diseases affecting vision | ||
| health_specialty:paediatrics | Paediatrics. medical care of infants, children, and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:pain_medicine | Pain medicine/Algiatry. medicine of pain reduction | ||
| health_specialty:palliative_medicine | Palliative medicine. treatment that reduces the severity of disease symptoms, rather than cure, delay, or reverse progression the disease itself | ||
| health_specialty:pathology | Pathology. does detection, definition and categorization of diseases | ||
| health_specialty:pharmacology | Pharmacology. studies drug action in humans | ||
| health_specialty:physiatry | Physiatry/Physical medicine and rehabilitation medicine. aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities | ||
| health_specialty:physiology | Physiology. science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of organism in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed | ||
| health_specialty:psychiatry | Psychiatry. study and treatment of mental disorders. This generic tag includes health_specialty:child_psychiatry=* and health_specialty:adult_psychiatry=* | ||
| health_specialty:radiology | Radiology. medical imaging or treatment of the interior of the human body using various forms of radiation | ||
| health_specialty:reproductive_medicine | Reproductive medicine. medical prevention, diagnosis and management of reproductive problems | ||
| health_specialty:sleep_medicine | Sleep medicine. diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders | ||
| health_specialty:sports_medicine | Sports medicine. treatment of injuries related to sport | ||
| health_specialty:surgery | Surgery. uses operative techniques on patients to investigate and/or treat disorders or injury | ||
| health_specialty:transfusion_medicine | Transfusion medicine/Transfusiology. is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components | ||
| health_specialty:unknown | This is a specialized health object, e.g. a hospital, but the specialty is not known. |
Узкие специальности
| Key | Value | Common subspecialty of | Description | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| health_specialty:epidemiology | yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained | public_health | Epidemiology. study of patterns of health and illness and associated factors at population level | |
| health_specialty:social_medicine | public_health | Social medicine. seeks to understand how social and economic conditions impact health, disease and the practice of medicine | ||
| health_specialty:endodontics | dentistry | Endodontics. treatment of the dental pulp | ||
| health_specialty:oral_surgery | dentistry | Oral surgery. surgery of the mouth, teeth, gums, jaws; it does not include the whole head | ||
| health_specialty:orthodontics | dentistry | Orthodontics. therapy of improper bites | ||
| health_specialty:periodontology | dentistry | Periodontology. treatment of teeth supporting structures | ||
| health_specialty:prosthodontics | dentistry | Prosthodontics. prosthetic dentistry | ||
| health_specialty:audiology | ear_nose_throat | Audiology. treatment of hearing and balance disorders | ||
| health_specialty:phoniatrics | ear_nose_throat | Phoniatrics. treatment of organs involved with speech production | ||
| health_specialty:andrology | internal_medicine | Andrology. health of the male reproductive system | ||
| health_specialty:angiology | internal_medicine | Angiology/Vascular medicine. treatment of diseases of the circulatory system | ||
| health_specialty:cardiology | internal_medicine | Cardiology. deals with disorders of the heart | ||
| health_specialty:endocrinology | internal_medicine | Endocrinology. treatment of illnesses of the hormone secreting glands | ||
| health_specialty:gastroenterology | internal_medicine | Gastroenterology. treatment of the digestive system/gastrointestinal tract | ||
| health_specialty:geriatrics | internal_medicine | Geriatrics. supporting health of old adults | ||
| health_specialty:gynaecology | internal_medicine | Gynaecology. health of the female reproductive system | ||
| health_specialty:haematology | internal_medicine | Haematology. diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases | ||
| health_specialty:infectiology | internal_medicine | Infectiology/Infectious diseases. treatment of illnesses resulting from the presence of pathogenic biological agents | ||
| health_specialty:nephrology | internal_medicine | Nephrology. treatment of diseases of the kidney | ||
| health_specialty:oncology | internal_medicine | Oncology. treatment of tumours | ||
| health_specialty:pulmonology | internal_medicine | Pulmonology/Pneumology/Respiratory medicine. treatment of diseases of the respiratory system | ||
| health_specialty:rheumatology | internal_medicine | Rheumatology. treatment of diseases affecting the joints, muscles, and bones | ||
| health_specialty:immunology | medical_microbiology | Immunology. deals with malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders | ||
| health_specialty:aviation_medicine | occupational_medicine | Aviation medicine/Flight medicine/Aerospace medicine. treat or prevent conditions to which aircrews are particularly susceptible | ||
| health_specialty:neonatology | paediatrics | Neonatology. care of ill or premature newborn infants | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_cardiology | paediatrics | Cardiology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_diabetology | paediatrics | Diabetology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_endocrinology | paediatrics | Endocrinology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_gastroenterology | paediatrics | Gastroenterology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_haematology | paediatrics | Haematology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_nephrology | paediatrics | Nephrology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_neurology | paediatrics | Neurology/Neuropaediatrics done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_oncology | paediatrics | Oncology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_ophthalmology | paediatrics | Ophthalmology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_orthopaedics | paediatrics | Orthopaedics done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_pulmonology | paediatrics | Pulmonology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_rheumatology | paediatrics | Rheumatology done on children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:social_paediatrics | paediatrics | Social paediatrics whole-family and whole-community approach to child medical problems and prevention | ||
| health_specialty:clinical_pathology | pathology | Clinical pathology/Laboratory Medicine/Clinical analysis/Clinical Biology/Medical Biology diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids | ||
| health_specialty:forensic_pathology | pathology | Forensic pathology. determining the cause of death by doing an autopsy | ||
| health_specialty:neuropathology | pathology | Neuropathology. deals with the origin of diseases of the nervous system | ||
| health_specialty:toxicology | pathology | Toxicology. study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs | ||
| health_specialty:clinical_pharmacology | pharmacology | Clinical pharmacology. studies how clinical drugs affecting the human metabolism | ||
| health_specialty:addiction_medicine | psychiatry | Addiction medicine. treatment of addiction such as detoxification and rehabilitation | ||
| health_specialty:adult_psychiatry | psychiatry | Psychiatry. treatment of mental disorders in adults | ||
| health_specialty:child_psychiatry | psychiatry | Child and adolescent psychiatry. treatment of psychopathological disorders of children and adolescents | ||
| health_specialty:forensic_psychiatry | psychiatry | Forensic psychiatry. law enforcement supporting psychiatry | ||
| health_specialty:neuropsychiatry | psychiatry | Neuropsychiatry. diseases of the nervous system which cause metal disorders | ||
| health_specialty:psychosomatic_medicine | psychiatry | Psychosomatic medicine. studies the relationships of social, psychological and behavioural factors on body processes and well-being | ||
| health_specialty:diagnostic_radiology | radiology | Diagnostic radiology.creates medical images of the human body for clinical purposes e.g. diagnosis | ||
| health_specialty:neuroradiology | radiology | Neuroradiology. diagnosis and characterization of abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_radiology | radiology | Paediatric radiology. imaging of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults | ||
| health_specialty:radiotherapy | radiology | Radiotherapy/Radiation therapy/Radiation oncology. use of ionising radiation for treating cancer | ||
| health_specialty:cardiothoracic_surgery | surgery | Cardiothoracic surgery. treatment of diseases affecting organs inside the thorax/chest | ||
| health_specialty:colorectal_surgery | surgery | Colorectal surgery/Proctology. surgery of the colon, rectum and anal canal | ||
| health_specialty:general_surgery | surgery | General Surgery/Abdominal surgery. surgery of abdominal organs, e.g. esophagus, intestine, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder | ||
| health_specialty:hand_surgery | surgery | Hand surgery. treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity | ||
| health_specialty:maxillofacial_surgery | surgery | Oral and maxillofacial surgery. surgery of the head, neck, face | ||
| health_specialty:neurosurgery | surgery | Neurosurgery. treatment of disorders affecting nervous system | ||
| health_specialty:obstetrics | surgery | Obstetrics. care of women and their children during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period | ||
| health_specialty:orthopaedics | surgery | Orthopaedic surgery. musculoskeletal system | ||
| health_specialty:paediatric_surgery | surgery | Paediatric surgery. surgery of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents and young adults | ||
| health_specialty:plastic_surgery | surgery | Plastic surgery. surgical correction or restoration of form and function of organs | ||
| health_specialty:podiatry | surgery | Podiatry. diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower leg | ||
| health_specialty:transplant_surgery | surgery | Transplant surgery. surgical transplant of organs | ||
| health_specialty:trauma_surgery | surgery | Trauma surgery. treatment of physical injuries caused by emergencies | ||
| health_specialty:urology | surgery | Urology. surgery of the urinary tract | ||
| health_specialty:vascular_surgery | surgery | Vascular surgery. surgery of the vascular system (arteries and veins) |
Совсем узкие специальности
| Key | Value | Common subspecialty of | Description | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| health_specialty:cardiovascular_surgery | yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained | cardiothoracic_surgery | Cardiovascular surgery. surgery of the heart and the great vessels | |
| health_specialty:thoracic_surgery | cardiothoracic_surgery | Thoracic_surgery. treatment organs inside the thorax, but without the heart | ||
| health_specialty:phlebotomy | vascular_surgery | Phlebotomy. process of making an incision in a vein, e.g. to draw blood | ||
| health_specialty:diabetology | endocrinology | Diabetology. clinical science of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis, treatment and follow-up | ||
| health_specialty:hepatology | gastroenterology | Hepatology. treatment of disorders of the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas | ||
| health_specialty:allergology | immunology | Allergology. treatment of hypersensitive disorders of the immune system | ||
| health_specialty:tropical_medicine | infectiology | Tropical_medicine. treatment of health problems that occur uniquely, are more widespread, or prove more difficult to control in tropical and subtropical regions | ||
| health_specialty:venereology | infectiology | Venereology. treatment of sexually transmitted diseases | ||
| health_specialty:urogynaecology | urology | Urogynecology. treatment of urinary incontinence and female pelvic floor disorders |
Специальности терапии и альтернативной медицины
Основные специальности
| Key | Value | Description | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|
| health_specialty:alternative_medicine | yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained | Alternative medicine. any healing practice that does not fall within the realm of conventional medicine in the affected medical system | |
| health_specialty:manual_therapy | Manual therapy/manipulative therapy. physical intervention on the body through hands-on therapy | ||
| health_specialty:balneotherapy | Balneotherapy. treatment of disease by bathing, usually practiced at spas | ||
| health_specialty:belief_based_therapy | belief based therapy. therapies which mainly/only rely on belief, e.g. they are more like a religious procedure or belie e.g. in some form of higher energy | ||
| health_specialty:dietetics | Dietetics. dietary modification to address medical issues involving dietary intake | ||
| health_specialty:hydrotherapy | Hydrotherapy. using water for treating illnesses; in most cases the effects of temperature changes or steam e.g. as used in a sauna | ||
| health_specialty:mind_body_intervention | Mind-body intervention. methods to enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms | ||
| health_specialty:music_therapy | Music therapy. interpersonal process in which a trained music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients to improve or maintain their health | ||
| health_specialty:naturopathy | Naturopathy/Naturopathic medicine. focuses on the body's vitalistic ability to heal and maintain itself | ||
| health_specialty:occupational_therapy | Occupational therapy. promoting health and well being through occupation | ||
| health_specialty:physiotherapy | Physiotherapy/Physical therapy. attempted remediation to individuals to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability | ||
| health_specialty:phytotherapy | Phytotherapy/Herbalism/herbology/herbal medicine/botanical medicine. medical use of plants and plant extracts | ||
| health_specialty:podology | Podology/medical foot care. preventive, non-physical treatment of the feet e.g. for diabetics | ||
| health_specialty:psychotherapy | Psychotherapy. intentional interpersonal relationship used by trained psychotherapists to aid a patient in problems of living | ||
| health_specialty:speech_therapy | Speech therapy/Speech and language therapy/Logopaedics. therapy of speech and language disorders | ||
| health_specialty:traditional_medicine | based on traditional medicine. treatments based on traditional medical systems |
Узкие специальности
| Key | Value | Common subspecialty of | Description | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| health_specialty:homoeopathy | yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained | belief_based_therapy | Homoeopathy. treatment with highly diluted preparations, which contain (nearly) pure water | |
| health_specialty:reiki | belief_based_therapy | Reiki. religious influenced Japanese palm energy transfer therapy, not based on any long term experience | ||
| health_specialty:anthroposophical_medicine | belief_based_therapy | Anthroposophical_medicine. esoteric-spiritual medical system based on Rudolf Steiners own religion intermixed with homoeopathy | ||
| health_specialty:bach_flower_remedies | belief_based_therapy | Bach flower remedies. extremely diluted flower extracts which energies should considered a psychiatric medication replacement | ||
| health_specialty:chiropractic | manual_therapy | Chiropractic. treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine, under the hypothesis that these disorders affect general health via the nervous system | ||
| health_specialty:massage_therapy | manual_therapy | Massage therapy. manipulation of superficial and deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue to enhance the function and promote relaxation and well-being. See also shop=massage | ||
| health_specialty:autogenic_training | mind_body_intervention | Autogenic training. is a relaxation technique based on auto-suggestion developed by the German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz | ||
| health_specialty:meditation | mind_body_intervention | Meditation. practices in which the practitioner trains his or her mind or self-induces a mode of consciousness in order to realize some benefit | ||
| health_specialty:progressive_muscle_relaxation | mind_body_intervention | Progressive muscle relaxation/PMR. technique for reducing anxiety by alternately tensing and relaxing the muscles | ||
| health_specialty:yoga | mind_body_intervention | Yoga. system of physical/mental exercises, closely connected to Indian meditation practice | ||
| health_specialty:art_therapy | psychotherapy | Art therapy. uses any forms of visual art expression as help for expressing inner problems | ||
| health_specialty:behavioural_psychotherapy | psychotherapy | Behavioural psychotherapy. psychotherapy with uses on learning theory for behaviour modification | ||
| health_specialty:body_psychotherapy | psychotherapy | Body psychotherapy/body-oriented psychotherapy/somatic psychology. psychotherapy which works with the mind to improve body functions (e.g. uses techniques from mind_body_intervention) | ||
| health_specialty:cognitive_psychotherapy | psychotherapy | Cognitive psychotherapy. seeks to help the patient overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thinking and emotional responses | ||
| health_specialty:cognitive_behavioural_psychotherapy | psychotherapy | Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. combines techniques from cognitive and behavioural psychotherapy | ||
| health_specialty:depth_psychology | psychotherapy | Depth psychology/Psychoanalysis/Analytical psychology. encourages the verbalization of all the patient's thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams, from which the analyst formulates the nature of the unconscious conflicts | ||
| health_specialty:systemic_psychotherapy | psychotherapy | Systemic Psychotherapy. dealing with the interactions of groups and their interactional patterns and dynamics | ||
| health_specialty:humanistic_psychotherapy | psychotherapy | Humanistic psychotherapy. looks on the whole human and their needs and not only on the depth or "unconscious" aspects | ||
| health_specialty:traditional_chinese_medicine | traditional_medicine | Tui na. traditional Chinese medicine | ||
| health_specialty:kampo | traditional_medicine | Kampo. traditional Japanese medicine which is based on TCM | ||
| health_specialty:unani | traditional_medicine | Unani. traditional greeko-islamic medical system | ||
| health_specialty:ayurveda | traditional_medicine | Ayurveda. one of the traditional Indian medical systems |
Совсем узкие специальности
| Key | Value | Common subspecialty of | Description | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| health_specialty:shiatsu | yes/main/ additional/ no/partial/ trained | kampo | Shiatsu. traditional Japanese manual/hands-on therapy | |
| health_specialty:acupuncture | traditional_chinese_medicine | Acupuncture. traditional Taoistic treatment which inserts needles in the body to control the qi flow over certain distinct points | ||
| health_specialty:qi_gong | traditional_chinese_medicine | Qi Gong. describes various Chinese systems of physical and mental training for health, martial arts and self-enlightenment | ||
| health_specialty:tui_na | traditional_chinese_medicine | Tui na. traditional hands-on body treatment that uses Chinese taoist principles (also includes acupressure) |
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