Breviatea

Breviatea
Breviata anathema
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Clade: Obazoa
Class: Breviatea
Cavalier-Smith, Chao, & Oates, 2003[1]

Breviatea are a group of free-living, amitochondriate protists with uncertain phylogenetic position.[2][3] They are biflagellate, and can live in anaerobic (oxygen-free) environments.[4][5][6] They are currently placed in the proposed Obazoa clade.[7] They likely do not possess vinculin proteins.[8] Their metabolism relies on fermentative production of ATP as an adaptation to their low-oxygen environment.[2][3]

The lineage emerged roughly one billion years ago, at a time when the oxygen content of the Earth's oceans were low, and they thus developed anaerobic lifestyles.[4] Together with Apusomonads, they are the closest relatives of the Opisthokonts, a group that includes animals and fungi.[5][9]

Cladogram of Breviatidae[10]

Breviata anathema

Subulatomonas tetraspora

Lenisia limosa

Pygsuia biforma

Species

Family Breviatidae

Breviata

  • Breviata anathema

Lenisia

  • Lenisia limosa

Pygsuia

  • Pygsuia biforma

Subulatomonas

  • Subulatomonas tetraspora

References

  1. ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.-Y.; Oates, Brian (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium". European Journal of Protistology. 40: 21–48. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2003.10.001.
  2. 1 2 Hamann, Emmo; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Kleiner, Manuel; et al. (2016-06-09). "Environmental Breviatea harbor mutualistic Arcobacter epibionts". Nature. 534 (7606): 254–258. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..254H. doi:10.1038/nature18297. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4900452. PMID 27279223.
  3. 1 2 Society, Max Planck. "Bacteria probably formed symbioses with protists early in evolution". phys.org. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  4. 1 2 Hamann, Emmo; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Kleiner, Manuel; et al. (2016-06-09). "Environmental Breviatea harbor mutualisticArcobacter epibionts". Nature. 534 (7606): 254–258. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..254H. doi:10.1038/nature18297. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 4900452. PMID 27279223.
  5. 1 2 Brown, Matthew W.; Sharpe, Susan C.; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Heiss, Aaron A.; Lang, B. Franz; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; Roger, Andrew J. (2013-10-22). "Phylogenomics demonstrates that breviate flagellates are related to opisthokonts and apusomonads". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1769): 20131755. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1755. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3768317. PMID 23986111.
  6. ↑ Elsas, Jan Dirk van; Trevors, Jack T.; Rosado, Alexandre Soares; Nannipieri, Paolo (2019-04-05). Modern Soil Microbiology, Third Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-60240-5.
  7. ↑ Kang, Seungho; Tice, Alexander K.; Stairs, Courtney W.; Jones, Robert E.; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Brown, Matthew W. (2021-07-26). "The integrin-mediated adhesive complex in the ancestor of animals, fungi, and amoebae". Current Biology. 31 (14): 3073–3085.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.076. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34077702. S2CID 235273235.
  8. ↑ Kang, Seungho; Tice, Alexander K.; Stairs, Courtney W.; Jones, Robert E.; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Brown, Matthew W. (2021-07-26). "The integrin-mediated adhesive complex in the ancestor of animals, fungi, and amoebae". Current Biology. 31 (14): 3073–3085.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.076. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34077702. S2CID 235273235.
  9. ↑ Tachezy, Jan (2019-08-10). Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-17941-0.
  10. ↑ Hamann, Emmo; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Kleiner, Manuel; Tegetmeyer, Halina E.; Riedel, Dietmar; Littmann, Sten; Chen, Jianwei (2016-06-09). "Environmental Breviatea harbor mutualistic Arcobacter epibionts". Nature. 534 (7606): 254–258. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..254H. doi:10.1038/nature18297. PMC 4900452. PMID 27279223.
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