Chromonychia

Chromonychia
SymptomsDiscolouration of nail[1]
TypesMelanonychia, leukonychia, Longitudinal erythronychia, green nail syndrome, yellow nail syndrome, blue nails[2]

Chromonychia is a discoloration of one or more nails.[1][2] Types include melanonychia, leukonychia, red, green, yellow and blue nails.[2]

It may be normal or provide a clue to diagnosing systemic diseases.[2]

Types

  • White nails
    White nails
  • Blue nails due to minocycline
    Blue nails due to minocycline
  • Brown streaks in melanonychia
    Brown streaks in melanonychia
  • Brown nails due to podophyllin
    Brown nails due to podophyllin
  • Black nails with pseudomonas infection
    Black nails with pseudomonas infection
  • Green nail due to pseudomonas
    Green nail due to pseudomonas
  • Red streak in longitudinal erythronychia
    Red streak in longitudinal erythronychia

Causes

Chromonychia can be induced by antineoplastic drugs with few distinct forms, the most frequently seen is melanonychia.[3] Although a few cytostatics may cause these changes, the drugs most commonly involved are adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine, or in polychemotherapy[4][5] Chromonychia is associated with AIDS. A significant association (p<0.05) was found between chromonychia and CD4 counts of below 200 per cubic millimeter.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 Starace, Michela; Alessandrini, Aurora; Piraccini, Bianca Maria (2019). "11. Chromonychia". In Singal, Archana; Neema, Shekhar; Kumar, Piyush (eds.). Nail Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. pp. 119–129. ISBN 978-0-8153-7834-1. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Cao, Lei; Shi, Ren-lin; Tan, Cheng; Bi, Xin Ling; Zang, Ru-Zhi; Chen, Liu-Qing; Yuan, Shan; Rigopoulos, Dimitris; Ma, Dong-Lai; Zhu, Wen-Yuan; Li, Heng-Jin; Yin, Zhi-Quiang (2018). "20. Disorders of skin appendages". In Zhu, Wen-Yuan; Tan, Cheng; Zhang, Ru-zhi (eds.). Atlas of Skin Disorders: Challenging Presentations of Common to Rare Conditions. Singapore: Springer. pp. 303–305. ISBN 978-981-10-8036-4. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  3. ↑ Unamuno P, Fernández-López E, Santos C (July 1992). "Leukonychia due to cytostatic agents". Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 17 (4): 273–4. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1992.tb02166.x. PMID 1451320.
  4. ↑ Chapman S, Cohen PR (April 1997). "Transverse leukonychia in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy". South. Med. J. 90 (4): 395–8. doi:10.1097/00007611-199704000-00006. PMID 9114829.
  5. ↑ Dasanu, Constantin A; Vaillant, JG; Alexandrescu, DT (October 31, 2006). "Distinct patterns of chromonychia, Beau's lines, and melanoderma seen with vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone therapy for multiple myeloma". Dermatology Online Journal. 12 (6): 10. PMID 17083890. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
  6. ↑ Monsel G, Ly F, Canestri A, Diousse P, Ndiaye B, Caumes E (March 2008). "[Prevalence of skin disorders in HIV patients in Senegal and relationship to degree of immunosuppression]". Ann Dermatol Venereol (in français). 135 (3): 187–93. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2007.11.022. PMID 18374849.
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