California Land Cover
Imports and automated edits should only be carried out by those with experience and understanding of the way the OpenStreetMap community creates maps, and only with careful planning and consultation with the local community.
See Import/Guidelines and Automated Edits code of conduct for more information. Imports/automated edits which do not follow these guidelines might be reverted!
See Import/Guidelines and Automated Edits code of conduct for more information. Imports/automated edits which do not follow these guidelines might be reverted!
The state of California has some good landcover shapefiles on the Caltrans site and the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection site.
FRAP data
They are sorted by county. The smallest are under a meg while the largest - Fresno - is more than 400 megs. The average size is around 30 to 40 megs.
These would be a great addition to OSM since they contain valuable metadata. Or maybe the layers could be added individually. I.E. adding the FMMP farming data (see California_Farms) that is updated regularly.
Once the areas have been added, the state will take on a similar look to states like Georgia (Georgia (U.S. state)) and Massachusetts (MassGIS) that have had statewide imports done. Another good example of what California can be is the Corine Land Cover (WikiProject Corine Land Cover).
Challenges
- It is a huge dataset and will need some optimization. The straight lines have points every five meters, creating jagged edges that aren't visually attractive. Josm has a plugin but that's probably not the best way. A spline interpolation would really improve it dramatically. It will increase data size, but it's worth it. Maybe there is a batch mode program available to do that. Mapshaper has a tool to optimize a shapefile by reducing the details in the file. It may not be working though. Here is a rough idea of what the areas look like without being simplified. Openjump http://www.openjump.org has plugins for DP filter and a plugin for spline interpolation.Spline interpolation works nicely but each lines is processed individually and this leaves gaps/overlaps between areas. Needs some investigations. other options for reducing points is GPSBabel which supports DP filter and osm format, or to process the whole data in postgis.
- Only vegetation data should be used. The urban/residential/water/unknown should be skipped since the quality isn't good enough for this purpose and would just create tons of conflicts with existing data. Also there is/will be better data available.
- We can use some filters to split the shapefiles into different features. This is also great to prepare the OSM files for each type instead having it mixed all together.
- All these polygons have overlapping ways. This should be avoided because it creates tones of duplicate nodes/ways. Each polygon should be split in single ways and the area defined with a relation. According to the description, mapshaper will do that to. There may be a way to do this with postgis or through a Perl script. Validator will just merge duplicate nodes, but can't fix duplicate lines. This is really a tricky thing that many other updates lack. Efficiency should be considered here. Also editing is easier then. This data shouldn't need much editing after import. This approach works only if uploads are done in large chunks because the uploader needs to keep track of server node/way/ id and map to local id in osm file.
possible tools for conversion supporting line sharing ogr2osm Also Ian Dees is working to support this in shp-to-osm
Upload
technically conversion and upload can be done by a small group but OSM is a community project and a large community is required to verify the data, filter broken data and fix data to make it really worth to import. different scenarios could be.
- all data is converted and uploaded. no existing tags will be used instead a namespace prefix added. individual mappers can edit these tags and remove the prefix to get it rendered on the map.
Pro: only verified data will appear on the map, upload can make use of relations more easy, no need for individual mappers to run conversion and upload scripts. any editor can be used to work on the data. data can be worked on shape by shape.
Con: each area needs inspection and edit. this will increase the version number in the DB for each edit. It will clutter editors without being useful before tags are changed.
- only scripts or converted files are provided and mappers decide which areas they work on and will upload.
Pro: only verified data is uploaded. osm is not polluted with data never used and fixed
Con: needs more planning to coordinate work and conflicts. data needs to be broken into smaller chunks to allow editing in JOSM or Merkatoor before upload. No support of Potlatch possible.
Rules
Here are some of the categories in the shapefiles and how they can be mapped in OSM. Here is the complete metadata. Shape file attributes need to be mapped to established OSM tags where applicable. If no OSM tag exists a new one can be proposed. established and rendered tags shouldn't be overloaded with new features. this will make the rendering ugly. instead rendering needs to be extended. Some features in the original shape files are too unspecific to include. Examples are the water/urban/unknown attributes. also barren/rock/snow is very vague and maybe excluded. farm land should be imported but needs to be carefully verified against existing data. county/state/tiger/trace from Yahoo landuse data is most likely better in quality. existing data for landuse=forest is widely wrong and this data should replace it. examples are national forests which are not forests but land managed by one agency and range from desert to managed forests to protected natural areas. Feel free to add additional ones if you know of any that would fit.
VEGTYPE DESCRIPTION COVERTYPE
------- ------------------- ---------
NON-FOREST TYPES
----------------
SN Snow/Ice (natural=glacier) BAR
AG Agriculture (landuse=farm) AGR
DU Dune (natural=beach) BAR
These are based on whether the area is forested or not. So they would be landuse=forest or natural=wood. These could also have wood=*.
CONIFER FOREST/WOODLAND
----------------------
AA Noble Fir CON
AB Santa Lucia Fir CON
BP Bristlecone Pine CON
BT Big Tree CON
DF Pacific Douglas-Fir CON
DG Douglas-Fir - Grand Fir CON
DM Bigcone Douglas-Fir CON
DP Douglas-Fir - Pine CON
DW Douglas-Fir - White Fir CON
EA Engelmann Spruce CON
EP Eastside Pine CON
FP Foxtail Pine CON
GF Grand Fir CON
JC California Juniper CON
JU Utah Juniper CON
JP Jeffrey Pine CON
KP Knobcone Pine CON
LP Lodgepole Pine CON
MA Alaska Yellow-Cedar CON
MB Mixed Conifer - Giant Sequoia CON
MC Cuyamaca Cypress CON
MD Incense-Cedar CON
MF Mixed Conifer - Fir CON
MG Gowen Cypress CON
MH Mountain Hemlock CON
MI Piute Cypress CON
MK Klamath Mixed Conifer CON
MM Monterey Cypress CON
MN McNab Cypress CON
MO Baker Cypress CON
MP Mixed Conifer - Pine CON
MS Sargent Cypress CON
MT Tecate Cypress CON
MU Ultramafic Mixed Conifer CON
MY Pygmy Cypress CON
MZ Santa Cruz Cypress CON
PB Brewer Spruce CON
PC Coulter Pine CON
PD Gray Pine CON
PJ Singleleaf Pinyon Pine CON
PL Limber Pine CON
PM Bishop Pine CON
PO Port Orford Cedar CON
PP Ponderosa Pine CON
PQ Fourneedle Pinyon Pine CON
PR Monterey Pine CON
PS Shore Pine CON
PT Torrey Pine CON
PW Ponderosa Pine - White Fir CON
RD Redwood - Douglas-Fir CON
RF Red Fir CON
RW Redwood CON
SA Subalpine Conifers CON
SG Sitka Spruce - Grand Fir CON
SK Sitka Spruce CON
SR Sitka Spruce - Redwood CON
WB Whitebark Pine CON
WF Whte Fir CON
WH Western Hemlock CON
WJ Western Juniper CON
WP Washoe Pine CON
WW Western White Pine CON
XC Unknown Conifer CON
IC Non-native/Ornamental Conifer CON
HARDWOOD FOREST/WOODLAND
------------------------
ET Elephant Tree HDW
FM Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany HDW
FO Water Birch Alliance HDW
NR Mixed Riparian Hardwoods HDW
NX Mixed Hardwoods HDW
Q1 Live Oak - Madrone HDW
QA Coast Live Oak HDW
QB California Bay HDW
QC Canyon Live Oak HDW
QD Blue Oak HDW
QE White Alder HDW
QF Fremont Cottonwood HDW
QG Oregon White Oak HDW
QH Madrone (Black Oak) HDW
QI California Buckeye HDW
QJ Cottonwood - Alder HDW
QK California Black Oak HDW
QL Valley Oak HDW
QM Bigleaf Maple (Dogwood) HDW
QN Engelmann Oak HDW
QO Willow HDW
QP California Sycamore HDW
QQ Quaking Aspen HDW
QR Red Alder HDW
QS Willow - Aspen HDW
QT Tanoak (Madrone) HDW
QV Black Walnut HDW
QW Interior Live Oak HDW
QX Black Cottonwood HDW
QY Willow - Alder HDW
QZ Eucalyptus HDW
TC Tree Chinquapin HDW
TX Montane Mixed Hardwood HDW
UD Desert Willow HDW
UI Desert Ironwood HDW
UJ Joshua Tree HDW
UL Catclaw Acacia HDW
UM Mesquite HDW
UP Palo Verde HDW
UT Tamarisk HDW
UW Fan Palm HDW
UX Smoke Tree - Desert Willow HDW
WD Dogwood HDW
EX Coastal Mixed Hardwood HDW
XH Unknown Hardwood HDW
IH Non-native Hardwood HDW
IM Non-native/Ornamental CON/HDW MIX
SHRUB TYPES
-----------
natural=scrub for these
AD White Bursage SHB
AC Cushion Plant SHB
AX Mixed Alpine Scrub SHB
AN Mendocino Manzanita SHB
BB Bitterbrush SHB
BC Saltbush SHB
BG Black Greasewood SHB
BI Littleleaf Mountain Mahogany SHB
BL Low Sagebrush SHB
BM Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany SHB
BR Rabbitbrush SHB
BS Basin Sagebrush SHB
BX High Desert Mixed Shrub SHB
BQ Basin Mixed Scrub SHB
BZ Basin Transition (Desert) Scrub SHB
C1 Ultramafic Mixed Shrub SHB
CA Chamise SHB
CB Salal-Calif. Huckleberry Shrub SHB
CC Foothill Mixed Chaparral SHB
CD Southern Mixed Chaparral SHB
CG Greenleaf Manzanita SHB
CH Huckleberry SHB
CI Deerbrush SHB
CJ Brewer Oak SHB
CK Coyote Brush SHB
CL Wedgeleaf Ceanothus SHB
CM Upper Montane Mixed Shrub SHB
CN Pinemat Manzanita SHB
CP Bush Chinquapin Alliance SHB
CQ Northern Mixed Chaparral SHB
CR Red Shanks Charparral SHB
CS Scrub Oak SHB
CT Tucker Scrub Oak SHB
CV Snowbrush SHB
CW Whiteleaf Manzanita SHB
CX Montane Mixed Chaparral SHB
CY Mountain Whitethorn Alliance SHB
CZ Semi Desert Chaparral SHB
DA Blackbush SHB
DB Desert Buckwheat SHB
DC Cholla SHB
DD Croton SHB
DE Arrowweed SHB
DI Indigo Bush SHB
DO Ocotillo SHB
DL Creosote SHB
DS Shadscale SHB
DV Mixed Desert Succulent SHB
DX Mixed Desert Shrub SHB
FD Ephedra (Mormon/Desert Tea) SHB
HS Cheesebush SHB
JC California Juniper SHB
LS Scalebroom SHB
ML Baccharis (riparian) SHB
NA Mixed Alkaline Scrub SHB
NB Mixed Desert Wash Scrub SHB
NC North Coastal Mixed Shrub SHB
NQ Mixed High Desert Scrub SHB
RS Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub SHB
SB Buckwheat (White Sage) SHB
SC Blueblossom Ceanothus SHB
SD Manzanita Chaparral SHB
SE Encelia Scrub SHB
SH Coastal Bluff Scrub SHB
SI Bladderpod SHB
SL Coastal Lupine SHB
SM Sumac Shrub SHB
SO Coastal Cactus SHB
SP Sage SHB
SQ Soft Scrub-Chaparral SHB
SS California Sagebrush SHB
SY Chaparral Yucca SHB
TA Mountain Alder SHB
TB Bitterbrush-Sagebrush Alliance SHB
TM Cotton-thorn SHB
TN Black Sagebrush Alliance SHB
TS Snowberry Alliance SHB
TT Big Basin Sagebrush Alliance SHB
TV Mountain Sagebrush Alliance SHB
WL Willow (riparian scrub) SHB
WM Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany SHB
XS Unknown Shrub SHB
IS Non-native Shrub SHB
X1 Unknown Urban/Non-native Veg. NNA
WET HERBACEOUS TYPES
--------------------
landuse=grassland or landuse=meadow for these
HC Pickleweed - Cord Grass HEB
HJ Wet Meadows (Grass/Sedge/Rush) HEB
HT Tule - Cattail - Sedge HEB
XJ Unknown Grass/Herbs HEB
DRY HERBACEOUS TYPES
--------------------
landuse=grassland or landuse=meadow for these, possibly natural=heath
AC Alpine Grass/Forbs HEB
HG Annual Grass/Forbs HEB
HM Perennial Grass HEB
XG Unknown Grass/Herbs HEB
IA Giant Reed/Pampas Grass HEB
IG Non-native/Ornamental Grass HEB
In addition to the COVERTYPE field, there is also a WHRTYPE field which is an additional modifier. Sometimes it will be similar, but sometimes it will be different. They will probably be the same as the main land type so they probably wouldn't need to have tags when converted unless they provide addition information.
WHRTYPE DESCRIPTION ------- ---------------------------------- ADS ALPINE DWARF SHRUB (natural,scrub) AGR AGRICULTURE (landuse=farm) AGS ANNUAL GRASS (landuse,grassland) ASC ALKALI SCRUB (natural,scrub) ASP ASPEN BAR BARREN BBR BITTERBRUSH (natural,scrub) BOP BLUE OAK FOOTHILL PINE BOW BLUE OAK WOODLAND CHP UNKNOWN SHRUB TYPE (natural,scrub) CON UNKNOWN CONIFER TYPE COW COASTAL OAK WOODLAND CPC CLOSED CONE PINE-CYPRESS CRC CHAMISE-REDSHANK CHAPARRAL CRP AGRICULTURE-CROPS (landuse=farm) CSC COASTAL SCRUB (natural,scrub) DFR DOUGLAS FIR DRI DESERT RIPARIAN DRY DRY LAKE BED DSC DESERT SCRUB (natural,scrub) DSS DESERT SUCCULENT SCRUB (natural,scrub) DSW DESERT WASH EPN EASTSIDE PINE EUC EUCALYPTUS EST ESTUARINE FEW FRESHWATER EMERGENT WETLAND (wetland=marsh,natural,wetland) FWT FORESTED WETLAND (wetland=marsh,natural,wetland) GRS UNKNOWN GRASS TYPE (landuse,grassland) JPN JEFFREY PINE JST JOSHUA TREE JUN JUNIPER KMC KLAMATH MIXED CONIFER LAC LACUSTRINE LPN LODGEPOLE PINE LSG LOW SAGEBRUSH (natural,scrub) MAR MARINE MCH MIXED CHAPARRAL (natural,scrub) MCN MIXED CONIFER MCP MONTANE CHAPARRAL (natural,scrub) MHC MONTANE HARDWOODS CONIFER MHW MONTANE HARDWOOD MRI MONTANE RIPARIAN NWT NONFORESTED WETLAND (wetland=marsh,natural,wetland) OVN AGRICULTURE-ORCHARD-VINYARD (landuse=farm) PGS PERENNIAL GRASS (landuse,grassland) PJN PINYON-JUNIPER POS PALM OASIS PPN PONDEROSA PINE RDW REDWOOD RFR RED FIR RIV RIVERINE ROG REDWOOD OLDGROWTH RYG REDWOOD SECONDGROWTH SCN SUBALPINE CONIFER SEW SALINE EMERGENT WETLAND (landuse,salt_pond) SGB SAGEBRUSH (natural,scrub) SMC SIERRAN MIXED CONIFER UAG URBAN-AGRICULTURE (landuse=farm) VFH VALLEY FOOTHILL HARDWOOD VOW VALLEY OAK WOODLAND VRI VALLEY FOOTHIL RIPARIAN WFR WHITE FIR WTM WET MEADOW XXX BARREN/ROCK/OTHER
Caltrans landcover
The main advantage of this data over FRAP's is that this one is smoother and doesn't have the jagged edges.
Rules
Here is a possible set of rules to be used with shp-to-osm to convert it.
outer,WHR1,,source,caltrans outer,LANDCOV_ID,,landcover_ID,- outer,REGION,CAS,region,Cascade Ranges outer,REGION,CW,region,Central Western California outer,REGION,ESN,region,East of the Sierra Nevada outer,REGION,GV,region,Great Central Valley outer,REGION,MOD,region,Modoc Plateau outer,REGION,MOJ,region,Mojave Desert outer,REGION,NW,region,Northwestern California outer,REGION,SN,region,Sierra Nevada outer,REGION,SON,region,Sonoran Desert outer,REGION,SW,region,Southwestern California #description for these,dominant species outer,SP1A,22105,landuse,farm outer,SP1A,22105,crop,rice outer,SP1A,22106,landuse,meadow outer,SP1A,22200,landuse,farm outer,SP1A,22200,description,orchards, vineyards, nurseries outer,SP1A,22200,note,what agricultural use is this? outer,SP1A,22201,landuse,orchard outer,SP1A,22201,description,evergreen orchard outer,SP1A,22202,landuse,orchard outer,SP1A,22202,description,deciduous orchard outer,SP1A,22203,landuse,vineyard outer,SP1A,22700,landuse,nature_reserve outer,SP1A,22600,description,reclaimed lakebed/waterfowl mgmt/ag. outer,SP1A,42915,natural,wood outer,SP1A,42915,description,mid-elevation plantations (most likely Ponderosa pine) outer,SP1A,42951,natural,wood outer,SP1A,42951,description,upper-elevation plantations (most likely Red fir) outer,SP1A,77100,natural,salt_flat outer,SP1A,77200,natural,sand outer,SP1A,77300,natural,sand outer,SP1A,77400,natural,rock outer,SP1A,77400,description,bare exposed rock outer,SP1A,77401,natural,lava outer,SP1A,77401,description,bare exposed lava outer,SP1A,77401,natural,lava outer,SP1A,77500,landuse,quarry outer,SP1A,77600,natural,fell outer,SP1A,77600,description,transitional bare areas outer,SP1A,77700,natural,fell outer,SP1A,77700,description,mixed barren land outer,SP1A,77701,natural,rock outer,SP1A,77701,description,Badlands outer,SP1A,78000,natural,mud outer,SP1A,99100,natural,glacier outer,SP1A,99100,description,perennial snowfields outer,SP1A,99200,natural,glacier #whr1 uses notes, these ones not defined in SP1A outer,WHR1,ADS,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,AGS,landuse,meadow outer,WHR1,ASC,natural,heath outer,WHR1,ASC,note,alkali desert scrub outer,WHR1,ASP,natural,wood outer,WHR1,ASP,wood,aspen outer,WHR1,BAR,natural,fell outer,WHR1,BBR,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,BBR,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,BOP,natural,wood outer,WHR1,BOP,wood,pine outer,WHR1,BOW,natural,wood outer,WHR1,BOW,wood,oak outer,WHR1,COW,natural,wood outer,WHR1,COW,wood,oak outer,WHR1,CPC,natural,wood outer,WHR1,CPC,wood,pine,cypress outer,WHR1,CRC,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,CRC,note,chamise-redshank chaparral outer,WHR1,CSC,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,DFR,natural,wood outer,WHR1,DRF,wood,fir outer,WHR1,DRI,natural,heath outer,WHR1,DRI,note,desert riparian outer,WHR1,DGR,landuse,farm outer,WHR1,DOR,landuse,orchard outer,WHR1,DSC,natural,heath outer,WHR1,DSC,note,desert scrub outer,WHR1,DSS,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,DSW,natural,heath outer,WHR1,DSW,note,desert wash outer,WHR1,EOR,landuse,orchard outer,WHR1,EPN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,EPN,wood,pine outer,WHR1,EUC,natural,wood outer,WHR1,EUC,wood,eucalyptus outer,WHR1,IGR,landuse,farm outer,WHR1,IRF,landuse,farm outer,WHR1,IRH,landuse,farm outer,WHR1,JPN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,JPN,wood,pine outer,WHR1,JST,natural,heath outer,WHR1,JUN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,JUN,wood,juniper outer,WHR1,KMC,natural,wood outer,WHR1,KMC,wood,conifer outer,WHR1,LPN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,LPN,wood,pine outer,WHR1,LSG,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,MCH,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,MCH,note,mixed chaparral outer,WHR1,MCP,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,MHC,natural,wood outer,WHR1,MHC,wood,chaparral outer,WHR1,MHW,natural,wood outer,WHR1,MRI,natural,wood outer,WHR1,OVN,landuse,orchard outer,WHR1,PAS,landuse,meadow outer,WHR1,PGS,landuse,meadow outer,WHR1,PJN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,PJN,note,pinyon-juniper outer,WHR1,PJN,wood,pinyon-juniper outer,WHR1,POS,natural,wood outer,WHR1,POS,wood,palm outer,WHR1,PPN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,PPN,wood,pine outer,WHR1,RDW,natural,wood outer,WHR1,RDW,wood,redwood outer,WHR1,RFR,natural,wood outer,WHR1,RFR,wood,fir outer,WHR1,SCN,natural,wood outer,WHR1,SCN,note,subalpine conifer outer,WHR1,SGB,natural,scrub outer,WHR1,SGB,note,sagebrush outer,WHR1,SMC,natural,wood outer,WHR1,SMC,wood,conifer outer,WHR1,VIN,landuse,vineyard outer,WHR1,VOW,natural,wood outer,WHR1,VOW,wood,oak outer,WHR1,VRI,natural,wood outer,WHR1,WFR,natural,wood outer,WHR1,WTM,natural,wetland outer,WHR1,ADS,habitat_primary,alpine-dwarf shrub outer,WHR1,AGS,habitat_primary,grassland outer,WHR1,ASC,habitat_primary,alkali desert scrub outer,WHR1,ASP,habitat_primary,aspen outer,WHR1,BAR,habitat_primary,barren outer,WHR1,BBR,habitat_primary,bitterbrush outer,WHR1,BOP,habitat_primary,blue oak-foothill pine outer,WHR1,BOW,habitat_primary,blue oak woodland outer,WHR1,COW,habitat_primary,coastal oak woodland outer,WHR1,CPC,habitat_primary,closed-cone pine-cypress outer,WHR1,CRC,habitat_primary,chamise-redshank chaparral outer,WHR1,CSC,habitat_primary,coastal scrub outer,WHR1,DFR,habitat_primary,douglas-fir outer,WHR1,DGR,habitat_primary,dryland grain crops outer,WHR1,DOR,habitat_pri
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